baird



(No Model.) 3 Shebts-Sheet 1A J. .BARD STEAM BOILER. N0. 460,906.193.1361113660011. 6, 1891.

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J. .BA'IRD STEAM BOILBR.

No. 460,906. vPatelrlted Oct. 6, 1891.

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(No Model.) A 3 Sheets-She'et 3.

NTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BAIRI), OF NEIV YORK, N. Y.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 460,906, dated October6, 1891. Application filed February Z7, 1891. Serial No. 383.096. (Nomodel.)

Torctlwtom t may con/cern,.-

Be it known that I, JOHN BAIRD, mechanical engineer, a citizen ot' theUnited States, residing at No. Lexington avenue, in the city, county,and State of New York, have invented certain new and uset'ulImprovements in Steam-Boilers, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention more especially relates to marine and stationarysteam-boilers of the class havingl their lues horizontal or but slightlyinclined. Its objects are to increase the efficiency of the boiler byraising the temperature of the feed-water to the highest practicableextent before it enters the boiler and to superheat the steam as itleaves the boiler, which ends I attain by certain organizations ofinstrumentalities hereinafter specified.

Experience has taught me that the products of combustion escape from the{ire-tubes of a boiler at a temperature, usually about 600O Fahrenheit,which heat is rapidly carried oft by the uptake and chimney. I havediscovered that by so organizing the feed-waterheating apparatus as totake up a portion of the vheat and detain it at this point. I am notonly enabled to heat the feed-water, but to increase thesteam-generating capacity of the boiler itself. In order to do this inthe most efficient manner, I suspend concentric feed-water tubes infront of or opposite the tire-tubes, so that the products of coinbnstion:impinge directly upon them, thus reducing the temperature ot the hotgases, as far as I can ascertain, from a temperature, say, of about @00Oto one of about 400o on reaching the chimney, the temperature of thefeed-water being increased by about i000. I further so organize thesefeed-water-heater tubes as to cause a portion of the products ofcombustion to circulate around the steam-pipes in the npper portion ofthe boiler to dry or superheat the steam therein.

My improvements are readily adaptable to almost any horizontaltube-boiler, but are particularly adaptable to one of the type shown inUnited States Letters latcnt No. 437,745, granted to me October 7, 1800,which shows what I call a four-shell boiler.

In the accom pan yin g drawings, which show so much of such a boilerembodying my improvements in the best way now known to me `as isnecessary to illustrate the subject-matter herein claimed, Figure I is aplan; Fig. 2, a vertical longitudinal central section therethrough onthe line 2 2 ot Fig. l, and Fig. 3 a similar section through one of theside shells on the line 3 3 of Fig. l; Fig. a a vertical transversesection through the feed-water heater on the linea 4 of Fig. l on anenlarged scale; Figs. 5, 6, and 7, horizontal sections on a still largerscale on the correspondingly-numbered lines of Fig. 4, showing thedetails ofthe feed-water heater; and Fig. S, a vertical central sectionthrough the upper portion of an inner and outer tube enlarged. Fig. 9shows a front elevation of the boiler with the casing removed on oneside and with the casing and feed-water tubes removed on the other.

Unless otherwise indicated the parts are of ordinary construction.

, That end of the boiler at which the tiring is done I call the front,the opposite end the back or rear. Thatside of the boiler on the left ofa person facing its front I call the left, the opposite side the rightShort unfeathered darts indicate the direction in which the sections areshown. Solid feathered arrows show the course of the heat; correspondingunfeathered ones that of the steam, and dotted ones that ot` the water.

The products of combustion pass from thc ytire-box A around and throughthe various Water and fire tubes by way of the back connection A', fronthood or uptake A2, smokebox A3, and chimney or smoke-stack A4.

The front and back heads C D are made of parallel plates properlystayed, with a waterspace between them, and -are connected by threeseries of water-tubes E E E2, respectively arranged alongside the sidewalls of the furnace under and alongside the lower shell and in thespace between the lower shell and side walls. They are respectivelyconnected Vwith thc front head and pass water-tight through sleeves inthe back head, beine' supplied with water therefrom by tubes e`-.

The various parts of the boiler are protected by brick-work I5.

The lower shell F rests on the front head and extends rearward to thefront end of the back connection, a suitable space being left betweenthe shell and back head to form this connection. The bottom of thisshell iscov- IOO ered witl1 ire"brick vF, which is prevented fromslippingback bya bolt f, passing through .a plate-f inserted therein.The bolt is made long enough so as to project some distance into theshell, so as to be surrounded by water, the temperature of which is muchless than Athat of the back connection.- Consequently the heat of thebolt is impartedl to the water. The lower shell is lled with fire-tubesf2.

The upper shell G lies over and parallel with the lower shell, withwhich it is connected at frequent intervals by pipes g. The front ofthis shell does not extend quite as far forward as that of the lowerone, but it extends beyond it, over the back connection, and rests uponthe back head. It islikewise traversed by iire-tubes g g2. This shell isnorm-ally about half full of water, leaving its upper portion for asteam-space. A perforated steam-pipe G leads from the upper part of thisshell to the engine.

Intermediate or supplementary shells H H are arranged on opposite sidesof and paral- `lel with the upper and lower shells, their front endsbeing supported by the fronthead and.` their lire-tubes running to thefront end of the back connection. A hood H2, con-taining a water-space,connects these shells with a water-box h3, which rests on the back head.lJflwater-tube h connects this water-box and ead.

A casing A? incloses the top of the upperl shell, leaving spaces A3around it, constituting a smoke-box, into which th-e fines of theuppershell open at the back, while the front of the smoke-box opens into thechimney.

Feed-water flows through a pipe i, provided with a suitable check-valve,into a horizontal box or channel I, arranged across the front of theboiler at or above the level of its top. Thence it descends through aseries of pendent tubes t" inside of larger tubes t2, through which itrisesinto a similar channell', (shown as parallel with and beneath theupper one,) from which it iiows through a pipe 113, connecting with aninlet-pipe l2, terminating in the tops of the supplementary shells. Thetubes v il i2 are shown as arranged in rows in front of theboiler-shells, where they are in the direct path of the products ofcombustion escaping through the fire-tubes. These feed -water tubes arepreferably arranged a short distance apart,- so as to allow the productsof combustion to circulate freely around them. The row of tubes in frontof and next to the central portion of the upper and lower shells arediiferently arranged, the outer tubes being made larger in their upperportions, so as to touch each other and prevent the passage of theproducts of combustion therethrough. I)eflecting-platest"1 are soarranged as to close the space between these feed-water tubes, someportion of the upper tire-tubes of the lower shell, and all the tubes ofthe upper shell. As aconsequence of this arrangement, while the heatfrom the lower tire-tubes of the lower shell circulates freely aroundthe lower' portion of the central feed-water tubes the products ofcombustion Vwhich pass through the upper fire-tubes of the lower shellare deflected by the upper portion of the central feed-water tubes andthe defiecting-plates i* into the fire-tubes g' of the upper shell,

through which they pass, and return through the smoke-box or spaces A3surrounding this shell, thus drying and superheating the steam in theupper shell and in the exit steam-pipe G. The heat escaping from thefire-tubes of the side shells H l-l impinges upon and circulates amongthe pendent feed-water-circulating pipes opposite them, and thencepasses up through the front hood.

In my patent, No. 437,745, the boiler was provided with a front hood,while the chimney was at the'back. Portions of the hot gases passeddirectly back through the tire-tubes of the upper shell, while otherportions passed directly back through a smoke-box surround ing thisshell, in which horizontal feed-waterheater pipes were located, and wereconsequently exposed only to that portion of the heat passing throughthe smoke-box. Under ,1n-y present organization the chimney is directlyover the uptake, the feed-water'boxes or channels are arranged directlyacross the uptake, while the water-circulating tubes are suspended inthe uptake directly opposite the ilues or fire-tubes of all theboilerfshells, thus exposing them not only to a higher tem pera'-v turebut to a much larger proportion of the hot gases; and I am also thusenabled to utilize the pendent pipes as a detlector to cause a portionof the hot gases to traverse the firetubes of the upper shell, as wellas to return through the smoke-box from the back hood to the chimney,thus aiding in superheating the steam.

The products of combustion finally escape IOO up through the chimney,passing on both sides ofthe feed-water channels l l.- A

The inlet-tube I2, it will be observed,passes horizontally through theuptake, in t'ront of the pendent tubes, and enters the side shells ofthe boiler just below the water-line, owing to which the feed-water isadditionally heated, even after leaving the pendent tubes, by the hotgases in the uptake, whereby its temperature is correspondinglyincreased.

My improvements are especially applicable to marine boilers.

In such boilers the motiontro of the ship might rack or strain theAconnection: Screw-threadsjj on the upper ends of the outer tubes i2engage with corresponding female screw-threads in openings in theintermediate channel-plate J and bottom plate J of-the lower channel,thus forming a tight joint and secure fastening and bracing the tubesagainst lateral vibration. Openings 3'2 in the outer tubes, between thescrews jj', al-

low the water to circulate freely through the tubes in the lowerchannel. A hollow plug K is screwed or otherwise securely fastened ontheuppereud of each inner tube t" and adapted to be similarly secured inthe upper end of its corresponding outertube i2. Later-allyprojectingspurs or pins 7c, projecting from the lower portions of the inner tubes,abut against the outer tubes and serve tohold them in fixed relation toeach other.

The above-described construction not only secures close joints andsufficient lateral bracing, but renders each set of tribes readilyremovable by simply unscrewing the outer tubes from the channel-platesand then separating the inner and outer tubes. The upper plugs of theinner tubes and the lower ends of the outer tubes maybe made hexagonal,polygonal, or otherwise adapted for the application of a wrench tofacilitate their separation. The lower ends of the outer tubes may alsobe connected with each other and with the boiler or its casing by barsor braces to render them still more rigid, if desired; but this willordinarily be found unnecessary. The defiector-plates t also brace thetubes to some extent.

The boiler is supplied with suitable checkvalves, safety-Valves,blow-off valves, and proper connections between the various parts of theboiler for the passage of steam, water, and air when filling the boiler,most of which parts are shown, but which it is deemed unnecessary todescribe in detail here, as their special construction and organizationconsti` tutes no part of the subject-matter herein claimed.

The operation of the boiler will readily be understood from theforegoingdescription.

lVhat l claim as new and as of my own in- Vention is l. Pendentfeed-water-cireulating tubes, substantially such as described, suspendeddirectly in front of the two sets of retubes of a horizontal boiler, asset forth, in combination with detiecting-plates, which in conjunctionwith said pendent tubes deflect the hot gases impinging thereupon fromone set of tubes into the other, so as first to lieat the feedwater andthen superheat and dry the steam generated by the boiler.

2. Pendent feed-water-circulating tubes, substantially such asdescribed, suspended directly in front of the fire-tubes of a series ofboiler-shells, as set forth, in combination with deflecting-plateswhereby a portion of the heat impinging upon the feed-watercir culatingtubes is caused to circulate around and among them, while anotherportion is defiected' through other fire-tubes to superheat and dry thesteam.

3. The feed-water-heatin g apparatus heren inbefore described,consisting of the combination of feed-water-heater channels extendingacross the uptake above the normal waterline of the boilers, feed-watercirculating tubes suspended therefrom in front of the boiler-fl ues, anda pipe connecting the heaterchannels and boiler-shells extendinghorizonn tally across the uptake to afford additional heating-surface,as set forth.

4. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a lowershell, an upper shell, supplementary shells, the fire-tubes of' allthese shells, an uptake, feed-water-circulation pipes suspended therein,and deflecting-plates which conduct a portion of the hot gases throughthe fire-tubes of the uppershell.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a lowershell, an upper shell, supplementary shells, the ure-tubes of all theseshells, an uptake, a smoke-box, a steam-pipe in the upper shell,feed-water-eirculation pipes in the uptake, the enlarged upper ends ofthe central feed-water-circulation pipes, and the de fieeting-plateswhereby some of the hot gases are passed through the upper shell andsmoke-box to dry and superheatthe steam, while the remainder circulatefreely among the water-circulation tubes.

G. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a lowershell, supplevmcntary shells below the water-line of the boiler, thefire-tubes of these shells, an uptake, feed-water-cireulation pipessuspended in the uptake opposite the discharge end of the fire-tubes,and the feed-water-inlet pipe extending across the uptake transverselyto the feed-water-circulation pipes and connecting them with thesupplementary shells.

7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an uppershell, a lower shell, supplementary shells, their respective fire-tubes,an uptake, feed-water-heater channels at or above the normal watenlineof the boilers, feedwater-circulation tubes suspended from said channelsin the uptake, and a feed-water-inlet pipe extending"across the uptakeand connecting the feed-water-circulation pipes and channels with theshells.

8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a lowershell, an upper shell, supplementary shells, the fire-tubes of all theseshells, an uptake, a smoke-box, feedwater-circulation pipes suspended inthe uptake opposite the discharge end of' these retubes, the enlargedupper portion of the cen tral feed-water-circulation tubes, theirdeflecting-plates, and a feed-water-inlet pipe extending across theuptake and connecting the supplementary shells and feed-watercirculationsystem.

9. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an uppershell, a lower shell, supplementary shells, the tire-tubes of all theshells, an uptake, upper and lower feedwater channels therein,concentric feed-watercirculation tubes connecting these channels aboveor about the normal water-line of the boiler, and a transversefeed-waterinlet pipe connecting these channels and water-circulationpipes with the upper portion of the supplementary shells.

10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, ofsupplementary shells, their firetubes, an uptake, upper and lower IOOTIO

feed-water channels above or about the normal Water-line of the boiler,a feed-pipe connected with the upper channel, open-ended tubes dependingfrom said channel, concentric outer tubes connecting said tubes with theupper channel, afeed-Water-inlet pipe connecting the supplementaryshells, and a pipe connecting the upper channel with this feedwaterpipe.

1l. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a lowershell, an upper shell, supplementary shells, their tire-tubes, anuptake, upper and lower feed-water inlet channels extending` across theuptake above the normal Water-line of the boilers,feedwater circulationpipes extending from the channels to near the bottoms of the shells, anda transverse inlet-pipe in the uptake connecting the lsupplenlentaryshells below the normal water- 12. The combination, substantially ashereinbefore set forth, of a lower shell, an .uppershell,supplementaryshells, the fire-tubes of all these shells, anuptake, a smoke-box, a steami pipe in the upper shell, upper and lowerfeedwater-inlet channels in the uptake,'a feed-pi pe therefor,concentric inner and outer tubes depending from and connecting saidchannels, an inlet-pipe connecting the supplementary shells, a pipeconnecting` the inlet-pipe with the feed-Water channels, anddetlectingplates which conduct a portion of the hot gases through andaround the supplementary shells to dry and superheat the steam.

13. The combination, substantially as Vhereinbefore set forth, of theupper and lower feed- Water channels, the outer feed-water-circulationtubes secured to the lower and intermediate channel -p1ates, the lateralopenings therein communicating with the lower channel, the concentricinner water-circulation tubes, and their tubular plugs secured in theupper ends of the outer tubes.

14. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of theupper and lower feed Water channels, the outer feedfWater-circulationtubes secured to the lower and intermediate channel-plates and providedwith openings into the lower channel, the open-ended concentric innerwater-circulation tubes, their tubular plugs secured in the outer endsof their respective inner tubes, and the spurs or steady-pins interposedbetween the inner and outer tubes near their bottom.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

l J OI-IN BAIRD. Witnesses:

y A. J. BAIRD, ADDISON W. BAIRD.

